Hope requires growth.
It forces us to think from principles, and bet against sentiment, and figure out new, better solutions to the problems on the horizon.
But sentiment exists for a reason.
New ideas are fragile, and almost always fall flat. So growth tends to be concentrated in small pockets of smart, risk-tolerant people.
We call these areas "frontiers". They can exist in physical space (like a city) or in idea-space (like a field), but the premise is the same.
These frontiers seem rare in modern medicine. Where have they gone?